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Sunday 20 September 2009

Named swords:History and mythology of Sword

Named swords
Many swords in mythology, literature, and history are named by their wielders or by the person who made them. Named swords generally indicate importance.

History and mythology of Sword
Bhavani Talwar - the sword given by the goddess
Bhavani to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, king of Maratha Empire.
Caladbolg - The sword used by the hero Fergus mac Róich in the Irish epic Táin Bó Cúailnge.
Chandrahas ("Moon-blade") - in Hindu mythology, the sword given by the god Shiva to the ten-headed Ravana, king of Sri Lanka.
Colada - the secondary sword of El Cid.
Crocea Mors- used by Julius Caesar in a story told by Geoffrey of Monmouth.
Curtana - the sword of Holger Danske, vassal of Charlemagne; this sword is reputed to be made of the same steel as Durendal and Joyeuse.
Durendal - (or Durindana) the sword that belonged to Roland, nephew of Charlemagne and hero of the French epic The Song of Roland; it once belonged to Hector of Troy.
Excalibur (Caledfwlch,Caliburn, etc. see also Caladbolg above) - King Arthur's sword, given to him by the Lady of the Lake; the sword itself as well as the scabbard were magical.
Galatine - The sword of Sir Gawain in the Arthurian legends.
Gram (in the Volsung Saga) or Balmung (sometimes in later traditions) - Sigurd.
Grus- the historical sword of Bolesław III Wrymouth, medieval prince of Poland.
Hauteclere - this sword that belonged to Olivier, another hero of The Song of Roland.
Heaven's Will (The Will of Heaven,Thuan Thien,Thuận Thiên)The Sword Gods gave to Lê Lợi to help him fight the Chinese.
Honjo Masamune - The best weapon made by Japan's master swordsmith, Masamune.
Hrunting - Unferð, associate of Beowulf.
Joyeuse - the sword of Charlemagne (Charles the Great), the famed Medieval king of the Franks and first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Kusanagi (Grasscutter) - A sword of equivalent importance to Japan as the Excalibur is to United Kingdom
Legbiter - Viking King Magnus Barelegs's sword.
Morgelai - Bevis of Hampton's sword in the Anglo-Norman/Middle English romance Bevis of Hampton.
Lobera, the sword of the king Saint Ferdinand III of Castile
The Sword in the Stone - King Arthur's sword, placed by Merlin into a stone in a churchyard, which only the rightful king could remove. This sword is often identified with Excalibur (see above), but in some versions the Sword in the Stone is broken in a fight with King Pellinore.
The Sword of Damocles - mythical sword of decision.
The Sword of Goujian - The sword used by King Goujian of Yue.
The Sword of Attila, discovered by Attila the Hun through mysterious means.
Szczerbiec - The sword of Polish kings.
Tizona or Tizón - one of the two swords of El Cid.
Tyrfing - a cursed sword from the Tyrfing Cycle, which includes the Hervarar saga and parts of the Poetic Edda.
Zulfiqar (Thul fiqar) - The two-tipped sword of legendary companion of Muhammad, Ali.

swords of War

Swords of war

European War Sword
AncientThe Greek xiphos was a single-handed double-edged sword. Commonly used by Greek infantry alongside the spear and javelin, the xiphos's length (~60cm) made it an excellent close combat weapon. The Makhaira acted as the Greek cavalry's main sidearm. Unlike the xiphos, the makhaira was slightly curved and had only a single edge. The kopis is a similar weapon, shown in use by the Persian Empire along with the straight-bladed acinaces. The Roman legionaries carried the gladius, a single-handed double-edged thrusting weapon similar to both the Greek xiphos and the Persian acinaces. The later Roman cavalry used a longer double-edged but still single-handed sword, the spatha. This sword spread into northern Europe and became the choice sword of the Vikings.

Pre-industrial
The spatha changed over time, growing into the arming sword during the 10th and 11th centuries. The arming sword was a single-handed double-edged sword about a meter in length, with a revolutionary cruciform crossguard. Over time, the length of the blade and the hilt grew until it was capable of being handled with both of a swordsman's hands. This change brought about the longsword, a much longer two-handed double-edged weapon. As plate armour developed as a defense against both arrows and swords, the longsword became decidedly more tapered to a more pronounced tip. During the 16th Century, this tapering progression continued on some swords until the blade nearly entirely lost its flattened profile and, consequentially ability to cut. The estoc, a lengthy, slender two-handed weapon exemplifies this development.

The arming sword had not fallen into disuse, however, and produced another sword, the side-sword. This weapon, also known as a "cut and thrust sword" was a single-handed double-edged sword with a compound hilt popular during the 16th and 17th centuries. The blade was generally thinner than that of the arming sword, making swordplay quicker and point control more precise. Like the arming sword, the weapon was commonly used with a buckler for additional defence. The broadsword, a general class of swords that are single-handed, double-edged, and feature basket hilts. The schiavona and mortuary sword are excellent examples of broadswords.
During the entire evolution of double-edged swords, backswords, or single-edged swords, continued to exist. The falchion and Großes Messer are examples of this weapon type.

Colonial
Naval
cutlass
Cavalry
saber

Middle-East
saif
shamshir
kilij
pulwar

Swords of War

Swords of War

While a sword by design is a weapon and not a dual-functioning tool as are some polearms, not all swords are/were built for the purposes of war. The rapier, for instance, was used almost entirely for civilian combat and saw only minute and unsuccessful use on the battlefield. Thus while some swords could be used both on the battle field and in a civilian setting, the reverse was usually not true.
The following is a list of some war swords:

Asian sword

Chinese sword
jian
zhanmadao
liuyedao
wodao
yanmaodao
yulinjundao

Japanese sword
tachi
nodachi
katana

Other sword
Burmese sword
dha

Filipino sword
kampilan

Mediterranean swords

Mediterranean swords
Falcata
Gladius
Harpe
Kopis
Khopesh
Makhaira (μάχαιρα)
Spatha (σπάθα)
Xiphos (ξίφος)

Europe sword

Europe sword

Anelace
Arming sword
Katzbalger
Sidesword
Backsword
Briquet
Cutlass
Falchion
Großmesser
Hanger
Mortuary sword
Bilbo
Broadsword
Claymore
Schiavona
Cinquedea
Colichemarde
Curtana
Dirk Espada ropera
Rapier
Flamberge variant
Small sword
Épée
Foil (fencing)
Falcata
Falx
Hunting sword
Karabela
Kılıç/Kilij
Kriegsmesser
Longsword/Bastard sword
Estoc
Mameluke
Pistol sword
Sabre
Schiavona
Schweizersäbel sgian
Seax
Shashka
Shortsword
Spadroon
Sword bayonet
Szabla
Two-handed swords
Claymore
Executioner's sword
Greatsword
Zweihänder (and Flame-bladed sword variant)
Waster
Yatagan

Asia swords

Asia swords

Aikuchi (合口, 匕首)
Aruval
Barong
Bolo / Itak
Dao (刀 pinyin dāo)
Baguadao (八卦刀)
Changdao (长刀)
Dadao (大刀)
Errenduo (二人夺)
Hudieshuangdao (蝴蝶双刀)
Kaishandao (开山刀)
Liuyedao (柳叶刀)
Mazhadao (麻扎刀)
Piandao (片刀)
Taijidao (太极刀)
Miao dao (苗刀)
Nandao (南刀)
Wodao (倭刀)
Xuehuadao (雪花刀)
Yanmaodao (雁翎刀)
Yutoudao (鱼头刀)
Zhanmadao (斩马刀)
Dha
Dōtanuki
Golok (a catch-all for several types of sword and knife)
Hook sword (钩)
Hwandudaedo (환두대도; 环首大刀)
Jian (剑 pinyin jiàn)
Baguajian (八卦剑)
Kalis
Kampilan
Kastane
Nihonto (日本刀) Bokken (木剣)
Chisakatana
Chokutō (直刀)
Hachiwara(鉢割)
Iaitō (居合刀)
Jintachi
Katana (刀; かたな)
Kodachi (小太刀)
Nagamaki (長巻)
Nodachi (野太刀)
Ōdachi (大太刀)
Ōkatana
Shinai (竹刀)
Shinken (真剣)
Shikomizue
Tachi (太刀; たち)
Tsurugi
Wakizashi (脇差; わきざし)
KatarKen
Khanda
Kirpan (arguably a dagger)
Klewang
Krabi
Kris
Parang pandit
Pata
Pinuti
Saingeom (사인검)
Talibon
Talwar
Uchigatana
Urumi

Americas sword

Americas sword
Macana
Macuahuitl
Machete

Africa Sword

Africa Sword

Flyssa
Ida
Kaskara
Khopesh
Nimcha
Shotel Takoba

Type of Sword

Type of Sword

Africa Sword
Flyssa
Ida
Kaskara
Khopesh
Nimcha
Shotel
Takoba

Americas Sword
Macana
Macuahuitl
Machete

Asia Sword
Aikuchi (合口, 匕首)
Aruval
Barong
Bolo / Itak
Dao (刀 pinyin dāo)
Baguadao (八卦刀)
Changdao (长刀)
Dadao (大刀)
Errenduo (二人夺)
Hudieshuangdao (蝴蝶双刀)
Kaishandao (开山刀)
Liuyedao (柳叶刀)
Mazhadao (麻扎刀)
Piandao (片刀)
Taijidao (太极刀)
Miao dao (苗刀)
Nandao (南刀)
Wodao (倭刀)
Xuehuadao (雪花刀)
Yanmaodao (雁翎刀)
Yutoudao (鱼头刀)
Zhanmadao (斩马刀)
Dha
Dōtanuki
Golok (a catch-all for several types of sword and knife)
Hook sword (钩)
Hwandudaedo (환두대도; 环首大刀)
Jian (剑 pinyin jiàn)
Baguajian (八卦剑)
Kalis
Kampilan
Kastane
Nihonto (日本刀) Bokken (木剣)
Chisakatana
Chokutō (直刀)
Hachiwara(鉢割)
Iaitō (居合刀)
Jintachi
Katana (刀; かたな)
Kodachi (小太刀)
Nagamaki (長巻)
Nodachi (野太刀)
Ōdachi (大太刀)
Ōkatana
Shinai (竹刀)
Shinken (真剣)
Shikomizue
Tachi (太刀; たち)
Tsurugi
Wakizashi (脇差; わきざし)
KatarKen
Khanda
Kirpan (arguably a dagger)
Klewang
Krabi
Kris
Parang pandit
Pata
Pinuti
Saingeom (사인검)
Talibon
Talwar
Uchigatana
Urumi

Europe Sword
Anelace
Arming sword
Katzbalger
Sidesword
Backsword
Briquet
Cutlass
Falchion
Großmesser
Hanger
Mortuary sword
Bilbo
Broadsword
Claymore
Schiavona
Cinquedea
Colichemarde
Curtana
Dirk Espada ropera
Rapier
Flamberge variant
Small sword
Épée
Foil (fencing)
Falcata
Falx
Hunting sword
Karabela
Kılıç/Kilij
Kriegsmesser
Longsword/Bastard sword
Estoc
Mameluke
Pistol sword
Sabre
Schiavona
Schweizersäbel sgian
Seax
Shashka
Shortsword
Spadroon
Sword bayonet
Szabla
Two-handed swords
Claymore
Executioner's sword
Greatsword
Zweihänder (and Flame-bladed sword variant)
Waster
Yatagan

Mediterranean Sword
Falcata
Gladius
Harpe
Kopis
Khopesh
Makhaira (μάχαιρα)
Spatha (σπάθα)
Xiphos (ξίφος)

Sword

Sword

A sword is a long, edged piece of metal, used as a cutting, thrusting, and clubbing weapon in many civilizations throughout the world. The word sword comes from the Old English sweord, cognate to Old High German swert, Middle Dutch swaert, Old Norse sverð (cf.Danish sværd, Norwegian sverd, Swedish svärd) Old Frisian and Old Saxon swerd and Modern Dutch zwaard and German Schwert, from a Proto-Indo-European root *swer- "to wound, to cut"[1].
A sword fundamentally consists of a blade and a hilt, typically with one or two edges for striking and cutting, and a point for thrusting. The basic intent and physics of swordsmanship have remained fairly constant through the centuries, but the actual techniques vary among cultures and periods as a result of the differences in blade design and purpose. Unlike, say, the bow or spear, the sword is a purely military weapon, and this has made it symbolic of warfare or naked state power in many cultures. The names given to many swords in mythology, literature, and history reflect the high prestige of the weapon (see types of swords).

Refer to From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sword

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